Nucleophiles
| Name | Solvent |
Reactivity Parameters |
Classification |
Reference (title or year) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
4-(1-azidovinyl)-1,1'-biphenyl ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 5.17 sN Param.: 0.86 |
Chem. Commun. 2026, 62, 5041-5045 10.1039/d6cc00190d |
|
4-(2-(fluorodiphenylmethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)pyridine ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 14.57 sN Param.: 0.75 |
Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2014, , 1202-1211 10.1002/ejoc.201301730 |
|
4-(bis(trimethylsiloxy)amino)pent-4-enoic acid methyl ester ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 3.84 sN Param.: 0.87 |
J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66, 3196-3200 10.1021/jo0015927 |
|
4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (in 91M9AN) ![]() |
MeOH-MeCN mix | N Param.: 13.20 sN Param.: 0.67 |
Chem. Eur. J. 2007, 13, 336-345 10.1002/chem.200600941 |
|
4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (in CH2Cl2) ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 15.80 sN Param.: 0.66 |
Chem. Eur. J. 2007, 13, 336-345 10.1002/chem.200600941 |
|
4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (in DMF) ![]() |
DMF | N Param.: 14.90 sN Param.: 0.67 |
Chem. Eur. J. 2007, 13, 336-345 10.1002/chem.200600941 |
|
4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (in DMSO) ![]() |
DMSO | N Param.: 14.80 sN Param.: 0.67 |
Chem. Eur. J. 2007, 13, 336-345 10.1002/chem.200600941 |
|
4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (in H2O) ![]() |
water | N Param.: 13.19 sN Param.: 0.56 |
Chem. Eur. J. 2007, 13, 336-345 10.1002/chem.200600941 |
|
4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (in MeCN) ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 15.51 sN Param.: 0.62 |
J. Phys. Chem. A 2012, 116, 8494-8499 10.1021/jp3049247 |
|
4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (in THF) ![]() |
THF | N Param.: 15.90 sN Param.: 0.66 |
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2011, 50, 6915-6919 10.1002/anie.201102435 |
|
4-(morpholino)pyridine (in CH2Cl2) ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 14.59 sN Param.: 0.69 |
Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2016, , 4050-4058 10.1002/ejoc.201600572 |
|
4-(morpholino)pyridine (in MeCN) ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 14.80 sN Param.: 0.63 |
J. Phys. Chem. A 2012, 116, 8494-8499 10.1021/jp3049247 |
|
4-(trifluoromethyl)thiophenolate (in DMSO) ![]() |
DMSO | N Param.: 21.30 sN Param.: 0.86 |
J. Org. Chem. 2021, 86, 5965-5972 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00025 |
|
4-(trimethylsilyl)but-1-en-3-ynyl-Co2(CO)5(PPh3) ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: -0.76 sN Param.: 0.90 |
Acc. Chem. Res. 2003, 36, 66-77 10.1021/ar020094c |
|
4-(trimethylsilyl)but-1-en-3-ynyl-Co2(CO)6 ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: -1.11 sN Param.: 0.92 |
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 9500-9512 10.1021/ja010890y |
|
4-acetamido-pyridine (in MeCN) ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 13.24 sN Param.: 0.67 |
J. Phys. Chem. A 2012, 116, 8494-8499 10.1021/jp3049247 |
|
4-amino-3,5-dibromo-pyridine (in MeCN) ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 11.11 sN Param.: 0.75 |
J. Phys. Chem. A 2012, 116, 8494-8499 10.1021/jp3049247 |
|
4-aminopyridine (in CH2Cl2) ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 15.20 sN Param.: 0.67 |
Chem. Eur. J. 2007, 13, 336-345 10.1002/chem.200600941 |
|
4-aminopyridine (in H2O) ![]() |
water | N Param.: 12.19 sN Param.: 0.66 |
Chem. Eur. J. 2007, 13, 336-345 10.1002/chem.200600941 |
|
4-bromothiophenolate (in DMSO) ![]() |
DMSO | N Param.: 22.80 sN Param.: 0.78 |
J. Org. Chem. 2021, 86, 5965-5972 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00025 |
|
4-chloroaniline (in MeCN) ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 12.92 sN Param.: 0.60 |
J. Org. Chem. 2007, 72, 3679-3688 10.1021/jo062586z |
|
4-chloropyridine (in CH2Cl2) ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 11.70 sN Param.: 0.67 |
Chem. Eur. J. 2007, 13, 336-345 10.1002/chem.200600941 |
|
4-chloropyridine (in H2O) ![]() |
water | N Param.: 10.50 sN Param.: 0.73 |
Chem. Eur. J. 2007, 13, 336-345 10.1002/chem.200600941 |
|
4-cyanophenyl isocyanide ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 3.57 sN Param.: 0.72 |
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 3563-3566 10.1002/anie.200605205 |
|
4-fluoroperoxybenzoate (in H2O) ![]() |
water | N Param.: 17.99 sN Param.: 0.47 |
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2017, 56, 13279-13282 10.1002/anie.201707086 |
|
4-formyl-imidazole anion (in DMSO) ![]() |
DMSO | N Param.: 16.40 sN Param.: 0.67 |
Chem. Eur. J. 2012, 18, 127-137 10.1002/chem.201102411 |
|
4-methoxy-indole ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 5.41 sN Param.: 1.10 |
J. Org. Chem. 2006, 71, 9088-9095 10.1021/jo0614339 |
|
4-methoxyaniline (in MeCN) ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 13.42 sN Param.: 0.73 |
J. Org. Chem. 2007, 72, 3679-3688 10.1021/jo062586z |
|
4-methoxyaniline (in water) ![]() |
water | N Param.: 14.28 sN Param.: 0.68 |
ChemPlusChem 2015, 80, 1673-1679 10.1002/cplu.201500246 |
|
4-methoxyperoxybenzoate (in H2O) ![]() |
water | N Param.: 17.84 sN Param.: 0.46 |
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2017, 56, 13279-13282 10.1002/anie.201707086 |
|
4-methoxypyridine (in CH2Cl2) ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 13.70 sN Param.: 0.67 |
Chem. Eur. J. 2007, 13, 336-345 10.1002/chem.200600941 |
|
4-methoxypyridine (in H2O) ![]() |
water | N Param.: 11.44 sN Param.: 0.68 |
Chem. Eur. J. 2007, 13, 336-345 10.1002/chem.200600941 |
|
4-methoxythiophenolate (in DMSO) ![]() |
DMSO | N Param.: 24.97 sN Param.: 0.68 |
J. Org. Chem. 2021, 86, 5965-5972 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00025 |
|
4-methyl-2,5-heptadiene ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: -0.73 sN Param.: 0.97 |
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 4076-4083 10.1021/ja0121538 |
|
4-methyl-5-(trimethylsiloxy)-2,3-dihydrofuran ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 11.50 sN Param.: 0.91 |
Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2004, , 2791-2796 10.1002/ejoc.200400134 |
|
4-methyl-imidazole (in MeCN) ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 11.79 sN Param.: 0.77 |
Org. Biomol. Chem. 2010, 8, 1929-1935 10.1039/c000965b |
|
4-methyl-imidazole anion (in DMSO) ![]() |
DMSO | N Param.: 21.29 sN Param.: 0.51 |
Chem. Eur. J. 2012, 18, 127-137 10.1002/chem.201102411 |
|
4-methyl-N-(2-phenylethynyl)-N-(phenylmethyl)benzenesulfonamide ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 3.85 sN Param.: 0.84 |
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2014, 53, 4968-4971 10.1002/anie.201402055 |
|
4-methyl-penta-1,3-diene ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 2.60 sN Param.: 1.00 |
Acc. Chem. Res. 2003, 36, 66-77 10.1021/ar020094c |
|
4-methyl-quinoline alias lepidine (in MeCN) ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 11.60 sN Param.: 0.62 |
J. Org. Chem. 2009, 74, 7157-7164 10.1021/jo901670w |
|
4-methylpiperazin-1-yl dithiocarbamate (in MeCN) ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 23.61 sN Param.: 0.57 |
Org. Biomol. Chem. 2011, 9, 8046-8050 10.1039/c1ob06245j |
|
4-methylpyridine (in CH2Cl2) ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 13.70 sN Param.: 0.67 |
Chem. Eur. J. 2007, 13, 336-345 10.1002/chem.200600941 |
|
4-methylpyridine (in H2O) ![]() |
water | N Param.: 11.10 sN Param.: 0.75 |
Chem. Eur. J. 2007, 13, 336-345 10.1002/chem.200600941 |
|
4-methylthiophenolate (in DMSO) ![]() |
DMSO | N Param.: 24.35 sN Param.: 0.69 |
J. Org. Chem. 2021, 86, 5965-5972 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00025 |
|
4-nitro-imidazole anion (in DMSO) ![]() |
DMSO | N Param.: 14.81 sN Param.: 0.71 |
Chem. Eur. J. 2012, 18, 127-137 10.1002/chem.201102411 |
|
4-nitro-imidazole anion (in water) ![]() |
water | N Param.: 11.37 sN Param.: 0.53 |
Chem. Eur. J. 2012, 18, 127-137 10.1002/chem.201102411 |
|
4-nitroperoxybenzoate (in H2O) ![]() |
water | N Param.: 17.43 sN Param.: 0.50 |
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2017, 56, 13279-13282 10.1002/anie.201707086 |
|
4-nitrothiophenolate (in DMSO) ![]() |
DMSO | N Param.: 18.92 sN Param.: 0.87 |
J. Org. Chem. 2021, 86, 5965-5972 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00025 |
|
4-pyridone anion (in DMSO) ![]() |
DMSO | N Param.: 18.97 sN Param.: 0.62 |
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 15380-15389 10.1021/ja106962u |
|
4-pyridone anion (in MeCN) ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 20.22 sN Param.: 0.49 |
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 15380-15389 10.1021/ja106962u |
|
4-pyridone anion (in water) ![]() |
water | N Param.: 14.76 sN Param.: 0.48 |
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 15380-15389 10.1021/ja106962u |
|
4-pyrrolidinopyridine (in CH2Cl2) ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 15.90 sN Param.: 0.67 |
Chem. Eur. J. 2007, 13, 336-345 10.1002/chem.200600941 |
|
4-pyrrolidinopyridine (in H2O) ![]() |
water | N Param.: 12.39 sN Param.: 0.66 |
Chem. Eur. J. 2007, 13, 336-345 10.1002/chem.200600941 |
|
4-pyrrolidinopyridine (in MeCN) ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 14.99 sN Param.: 0.69 |
Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 6435-6442 10.1002/chem.201204452 |
|
40% water/60%EtOH (v/v) ![]() |
water-EtOH mix | N Param.: 6.28 sN Param.: 0.87 |
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 5174-5181 10.1021/ja031828z |
|
40% water/60%TFE (v/v) ![]() |
water-TFE mix | N Param.: 3.42 sN Param.: 0.90 |
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 5174-5181 10.1021/ja031828z |
|
5% water/95% HFIP (w/w) ![]() |
water-HFIP mix | N Param.: -0.10 sN Param.: 0.97 |
J. Phys. Org. Chem. 2013, 26, 59-63 10.1002/poc.3064 |
|
5,6-dimethyl-benzimidazole (in DMSO) ![]() |
DMSO | N Param.: 11.08 sN Param.: 0.71 |
Org. Biomol. Chem. 2010, 8, 1929-1935 10.1039/c000965b |
|
5-(4-(dimethylamino)benzyl)-2,2-dimethyl-4,6-dioxo-1,3-dioxan-5-ide ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 7.15 sN Param.: 0.81 |
Chem. Eur. J. 2014, 20, 11069-11077 10.1002/chem.201403161 |
|
5-(4-(dimethylamino)benzyl)-2,2-dimethyl-4,6-dioxo-1,3-dioxan-5-ide (in DMSO) ![]() |
DMSO | N Param.: 14.48 sN Param.: 0.86 |
Chem. Eur. J. 2014, 20, 11069-11077 10.1002/chem.201403161 |
|
5-(4-(methoxy)benzyl)-2,2-dimethyl-4,6-dioxo-1,3-dioxan-5-ide ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 6.21 sN Param.: 0.68 |
Chem. Eur. J. 2014, 20, 11069-11077 10.1002/chem.201403161 |
|
5-(4-(methoxy)benzyl)-2,2-dimethyl-4,6-dioxo-1,3-dioxan-5-ide (in DMSO) ![]() |
DMSO | N Param.: 15.13 sN Param.: 0.75 |
Chem. Eur. J. 2014, 20, 11069-11077 10.1002/chem.201403161 |
|
5-(4-cyanobenzyl)-2,2-dimethyl-4,6-dioxo-1,3-dioxan-5-ide (in DMSO) ![]() |
DMSO | N Param.: 13.79 sN Param.: 0.86 |
Chem. Eur. J. 2014, 20, 11069-11077 10.1002/chem.201403161 |
|
5-(tert-Butyl)-1,3-diisopropyl-4-methylene-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,3-triazol-3-ium-5-ide (in THF) ![]() |
THF | N Param.: 31.92 sN Param.: 0.52 |
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2023, 62, e202309790 10.1002/anie.202309790 |
|
5-(trimethylsiloxy)-2,3-dihydrofuran ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 12.56 sN Param.: 0.70 |
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 9500-9512 10.1021/ja010890y |
|
5-(trimethylsiloxy)-2,3-dihydrofuran (in MeCN) ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 12.34 sN Param.: 0.72 |
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 6579-6587 10.1021/ja401106x |
|
5-(triphenylsiloxy)-2,3-dihydrofuran ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 11.28 sN Param.: 0.91 |
Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2005, , 1760-1764 10.1002/ejoc.200400706 |
|
5-(tris(pentafluorophenyl)siloxy)-2,3-dihydrofuran ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 8.16 sN Param.: 0.67 |
Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2005, , 1760-1764 10.1002/ejoc.200400706 |
|
5-amino-indole ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 7.22 sN Param.: 1.10 |
J. Org. Chem. 2006, 71, 9088-9095 10.1021/jo0614339 |
|
5-benzyl-2,2-dimethyl-4,6-dioxo-1,3-dioxan-5-ide ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 5.51 sN Param.: 0.70 |
Chem. Eur. J. 2014, 20, 11069-11077 10.1002/chem.201403161 |
|
5-benzyl-2,2-dimethyl-4,6-dioxo-1,3-dioxan-5-ide (in DMSO) ![]() |
DMSO | N Param.: 15.02 sN Param.: 0.75 |
Chem. Eur. J. 2014, 20, 11069-11077 10.1002/chem.201403161 |
|
5-bromo-indole ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 4.38 sN Param.: 1.10 |
J. Org. Chem. 2006, 71, 9088-9095 10.1021/jo0614339 |
|
5-chloro-2-methylindole ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 6.08 sN Param.: 1.10 |
J. Org. Chem. 2006, 71, 9088-9095 10.1021/jo0614339 |
|
5-chloro-indole ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 4.42 sN Param.: 1.10 |
J. Org. Chem. 2006, 71, 9088-9095 10.1021/jo0614339 |
|
5-cyano-indole ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 2.83 sN Param.: 1.10 |
J. Org. Chem. 2006, 71, 9088-9095 10.1021/jo0614339 |
|
5-hydroxy-indole ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 6.44 sN Param.: 1.10 |
J. Org. Chem. 2006, 71, 9088-9095 10.1021/jo0614339 |
|
5-methoxy-2-methylindole ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 7.26 sN Param.: 1.10 |
J. Org. Chem. 2006, 71, 9088-9095 10.1021/jo0614339 |
|
5-methoxy-benzimidazole (in DMSO) ![]() |
DMSO | N Param.: 11.00 sN Param.: 0.71 |
Org. Biomol. Chem. 2010, 8, 1929-1935 10.1039/c000965b |
|
5-methoxy-indole ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 6.22 sN Param.: 1.12 |
J. Org. Chem. 2006, 71, 9088-9095 10.1021/jo0614339 |
|
5-methyl-2,3-dihydrofuran (in MeCN) ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 7.65 sN Param.: 0.86 |
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2026, 65, e24329 10.1002/anie.202524329 |
|
5-methyl-benzimidazole (in DMSO) ![]() |
DMSO | N Param.: 10.69 sN Param.: 0.79 |
Org. Biomol. Chem. 2010, 8, 1929-1935 10.1039/c000965b |
|
5-methyl-indole ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 6.00 sN Param.: 1.10 |
J. Org. Chem. 2006, 71, 9088-9095 10.1021/jo0614339 |
|
50% ethanol/50% MeCN (v/v) ![]() |
EtOH-MeCN mix | N Param.: 6.37 sN Param.: 0.90 |
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 5174-5181 10.1021/ja031828z |
|
50% methanol/50% MeCN (v/v) ![]() |
MeOH-MeCN mix | N Param.: 6.67 sN Param.: 0.90 |
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 5174-5181 10.1021/ja031828z |
|
50% water/50% HFIP (w/w) ![]() |
water-HFIP mix | N Param.: 1.50 sN Param.: 1.03 |
J. Phys. Org. Chem. 2013, 26, 59-63 10.1002/poc.3064 |
|
50% water/50% MeCN (v/v) ![]() |
water-MeCN mix | N Param.: 5.05 sN Param.: 0.89 |
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 5174-5181 10.1021/ja031828z |
|
50% water/50%EtOH (v/v) ![]() |
water-EtOH mix | N Param.: 5.96 sN Param.: 0.89 |
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 5174-5181 10.1021/ja031828z |
|
50% water/50%TFE (v/v) ![]() |
water-TFE mix | N Param.: 3.57 sN Param.: 0.89 |
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 5174-5181 10.1021/ja031828z |
|
6,6-dimethylfulvene ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 3.93 sN Param.: 0.88 |
Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2009, , 1202-1206 10.1002/ejoc.200801099 |
|
6-((benzyloxy)methyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran (in MeCN) ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 2.81 sN Param.: 0.57 |
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2026, 65, e24329 10.1002/anie.202524329 |
|
6-(4-dimethylamino-phenyl)fulvene ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 6.72 sN Param.: 0.87 |
Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2009, , 1202-1206 10.1002/ejoc.200801099 |
|
6-(julolidin-9-yl)fulvene ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 7.79 sN Param.: 1.06 |
Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2009, , 1202-1206 10.1002/ejoc.200801099 |
|
6-methoxy-quinoline (in MeCN) ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 10.86 sN Param.: 0.66 |
J. Org. Chem. 2009, 74, 7157-7164 10.1021/jo901670w |
|
6-methyl-3-(phenyl-l3-iodanylidene)dihydro-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione (in CH2Cl2) ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 4.67 sN Param.: 0.92 |
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2016, 138, 10304-10313 10.1021/jacs.6b05768 |
|
60% water/40%EtOH (v/v) ![]() |
water-EtOH mix | N Param.: 5.81 sN Param.: 0.90 |
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 5174-5181 10.1021/ja031828z |
|
60% water/40%TFE (v/v) ![]() |
water-TFE mix | N Param.: 3.77 sN Param.: 0.88 |
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 5174-5181 10.1021/ja031828z |
|
67% ethanol/33% MeCN (v/v) ![]() |
EtOH-MeCN mix | N Param.: 6.74 sN Param.: 0.89 |
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 5174-5181 10.1021/ja031828z |
|
67% methanol/33% MeCN (v/v) ![]() |
MeOH-MeCN mix | N Param.: 7.01 sN Param.: 0.91 |
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 5174-5181 10.1021/ja031828z |
|
67% water/33% MeCN (v/v) ![]() |
water-MeCN mix | N Param.: 5.05 sN Param.: 0.90 |
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 5174-5181 10.1021/ja031828z |
|
7% water/93% HFIP (w/w) ![]() |
water-HFIP mix | N Param.: 0.34 sN Param.: 0.96 |
J. Phys. Org. Chem. 2013, 26, 59-63 10.1002/poc.3064 |

