Nucleophiles
| Name | Solvent |
Reactivity Parameters |
Classification |
Reference (title or year) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
pyrrolidine (in 91M9AN)![]() ![]() |
MeOH-MeCN mix | N Param.: 15.97 sN Param.: 0.63 | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2006, 45, 3869-3874 10.1002/anie.200600542 | |
pyrrolidine (in water)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 17.21 sN Param.: 0.49 | J. Org. Chem. 2007, 72, 3679-3688 10.1021/jo062586z | |
pyrrolidine (inMeCN)![]() ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 18.58 sN Param.: 0.61 | J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2020, 142, 1526-1547 10.1021/jacs.9b11877 | |
quinidine![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 10.54 sN Param.: 0.74 | J. Org. Chem. 2009, 74, 7157-7164 10.1021/jo901670w | |
quinine![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 10.46 sN Param.: 0.75 | J. Org. Chem. 2009, 74, 7157-7164 10.1021/jo901670w | |
quinuclidine (in MeCN)![]() ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 20.54 sN Param.: 0.60 | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 6176-6179 10.1002/anie.200701489 | |
saccharin anion (in MeCN)![]() ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 10.78 sN Param.: 0.89 | J. Org. Chem. 2010, 75, 5250-5258 10.1021/jo1009883 | |
Se-BTM (in CH2Cl2)![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 14.27 sN Param.: 0.63 | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2025, EarlyView, e202514865 10.1002/anie.202514865 | |
Se-DHPB (in CH2Cl2)![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 15.16 sN Param.: 0.66 | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2025, EarlyView, e202514865 10.1002/anie.202514865 | |
Se-HBTM (in CH2Cl2)![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 14.42 sN Param.: 0.67 | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2025, EarlyView, e202514865 10.1002/anie.202514865 | |
Se-HyperBTM (in DCM)![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 16.11 sN Param.: 0.58 | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2025, EarlyView, e202514865 10.1002/anie.202514865 | |
Se-HyperBTM (in MeCN)![]() ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 15.84 sN Param.: 0.57 | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2025, EarlyView, e202514865 10.1002/anie.202514865 | |
Se-HyperBTM (in THF)![]() ![]() |
THF | N Param.: 14.19 sN Param.: 0.77 | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2025, EarlyView, e202514865 10.1002/anie.202514865 | |
Se-tetramisole (Se-TM) (in CH2Cl2)![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 15.26 sN Param.: 0.60 | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2025, EarlyView, e202514865 10.1002/anie.202514865 | |
semicarbazide (in water)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 11.05 sN Param.: 0.52 | J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 286-295 10.1021/ja021010y | |
serine (anionic, in water)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 13.16 sN Param.: 0.55 | Org. Biomol. Chem. 2007, 5, 3814-3820 10.1039/b713778h | |
SO3(2-) (in water)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 16.83 sN Param.: 0.56 | J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 286-295 10.1021/ja021010y | |
sodium indenide (in DMSO)![]() ![]() |
DMSO | N Param.: 23.74 sN Param.: 0.71 | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2015, 54, 12497-12500 10.1002/anie.201501385 | |
styrene![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 0.78 sN Param.: 0.95 | J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 9500-9512 10.1021/ja010890y | |
succinimide anion (in DMSO)![]() ![]() |
DMSO | N Param.: 16.03 sN Param.: 0.66 | J. Org. Chem. 2010, 75, 5250-5258 10.1021/jo1009883 | |
t-butylperoxy anion (in H2O)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 14.29 sN Param.: 0.51 | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2017, 56, 13279-13282 10.1002/anie.201707086 | |
TCAP (in MeCN)![]() ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 15.60 sN Param.: 0.68 | Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 6435-6442 10.1002/chem.201204452 | |
Te-BTM (in CH2Cl2)![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 14.62 sN Param.: 0.66 | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2025, EarlyView, e202514865 10.1002/anie.202514865 | |
Te-DHPB (in CH2Cl2)![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 16.63 sN Param.: 0.65 | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2025, EarlyView, e202514865 10.1002/anie.202514865 | |
tert-butanol (in MeCN)![]() ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 5.35 sN Param.: 0.72 | Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 2018, 91, 523-530 10.1246/bcsj.20170360 | |
tert-butyl hydrazinecarboxylate (in MeCN)![]() ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 11.40 sN Param.: 0.70 | J. Org. Chem. 2012, 77, 8142-8155 10.1021/jo301497g | |
tert-butyl indole-1-carboxylate![]() ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 1.68 sN Param.: 1.26 | J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 6317-6324 10.1021/ja4017655 | |
tert-butyl isocyanide![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 5.47 sN Param.: 0.77 | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 3563-3566 10.1002/anie.200605205 | |
tert-butylamine (in MeCN)![]() ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 12.35 sN Param.: 0.72 | Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2009, , 6379-6385 10.1002/ejoc.200900925 | |
tert-butylamine (in water)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 10.48 sN Param.: 0.65 | J. Org. Chem. 2007, 72, 3679-3688 10.1021/jo062586z | |
tetra-sec.butylstannane (in 1,2-DCE)![]() ![]() |
1,2-dichloroethane | N Param.: -1.10 sN Param.: 1.15 | Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 249-263 10.1002/chem.201202839 | |
tetrabutylstannane![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: -0.30 sN Param.: 1.07 | Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 249-263 10.1002/chem.201202839 | |
tetraethylgermane (in MeCN)![]() ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: -4.70 sN Param.: 1.10 | Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 249-263 10.1002/chem.201202839 | |
tetraethylplumbane (in MeCN)![]() ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 0.10 sN Param.: 1.10 | Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 249-263 10.1002/chem.201202839 | |
tetraethylsilane![]() ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: -6.50 sN Param.: 1.10 | Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 249-263 10.1002/chem.201202839 | |
tetraethylstannane (in 1,2-DCE)![]() ![]() |
1,2-dichloroethane | N Param.: -1.90 sN Param.: 1.10 | Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 249-263 10.1002/chem.201202839 | |
tetraethylstannane (in MeCN)![]() ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: -2.40 sN Param.: 1.10 | Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 249-263 10.1002/chem.201202839 | |
tetrahydroborate ion (in water)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 12.10 sN Param.: 0.79 | Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 249-263 10.1002/chem.201202839 | |
tetrahydrofuran (in dichloromethane)![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: -3.50 sN Param.: 0.80 | Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 249-263 10.1002/chem.201202839 | |
tetrahydrothiophene (in CH2Cl2)![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 13.10 sN Param.: 0.72 | Chem. Eur. J. 2021, 21, 11367-11376 10.1002/chem.202100977 | |
tetrahydrothiophene (in MeCN)![]() ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 13.30 sN Param.: 0.72 | Chem. Eur. J. 2021, 21, 11367-11376 10.1002/chem.202100977 | |
tetrahydrothiopyran (in CH2Cl2)![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 11.94 sN Param.: 0.75 | Chem. Eur. J. 2021, 21, 11367-11376 10.1002/chem.202100977 | |
tetraisobutylstannane![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 1.35 sN Param.: 1.10 | Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 249-263 10.1002/chem.201202839 | |
tetrakis(5-methyl-furan-2-yl)borate![]() ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 9.09 sN Param.: 1.12 | Chem. Sci. 2012, 3, 878-882 10.1039/c2sc00883a | |
tetramethylethylene![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: -1.00 sN Param.: 1.40 | Acc. Chem. Res. 2003, 36, 66-77 10.1021/ar020094c | |
tetramisole (TM) (in CH2Cl2)![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 13.86 sN Param.: 0.68 | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2025, EarlyView, e202514865 10.1002/anie.202514865 | |
tetrapropylstannane (in 1,2-DCE)![]() ![]() |
1,2-dichloroethane | N Param.: -0.50 sN Param.: 1.13 | Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 249-263 10.1002/chem.201202839 | |
theophylline anion (in DMSO)![]() ![]() |
DMSO | N Param.: 14.78 sN Param.: 0.71 | Chem. Eur. J. 2012, 18, 127-137 10.1002/chem.201102411 | |
theophylline anion (in water)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 10.06 sN Param.: 0.71 | Chem. Eur. J. 2012, 18, 127-137 10.1002/chem.201102411 | |
thioacetate (in MeCN)![]() ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 21.20 sN Param.: 0.63 | Org. Biomol. Chem. 2011, 9, 8046-8050 10.1039/c1ob06245j | |
thiocyanate (in MeCN)![]() ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 17.94 sN Param.: 0.60 | J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 14126-14132 10.1021/ja037317u | |
thiocyanate (in MeCN)![]() ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 12.13 sN Param.: 0.60 | J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 14126-14132 10.1021/ja037317u | |
thiophene![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: -1.01 sN Param.: 1.10 | Acc. Chem. Res. 2003, 36, 66-77 10.1021/ar020094c | |
thiophenolate (in DMSO)![]() ![]() |
DMSO | N Param.: 23.36 sN Param.: 0.74 | J. Org. Chem. 2021, 86, 5965-5972 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00025 | |
threonine (anionic, in water)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 12.69 sN Param.: 0.60 | Org. Biomol. Chem. 2007, 5, 3814-3820 10.1039/b713778h | |
THTP (3,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine)![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 14.45 sN Param.: 0.78 | J. Org. Chem. 2011, 76, 5104-5112 10.1021/jo200803x | |
thymine anion (in DMSO)![]() ![]() |
DMSO | N Param.: 17.63 sN Param.: 0.62 | Chem. Eur. J. 2012, 18, 127-137 10.1002/chem.201102411 | |
thymine anion (in water)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 11.17 sN Param.: 0.51 | Chem. Eur. J. 2012, 18, 127-137 10.1002/chem.201102411 | |
toluene![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: -4.36 sN Param.: 1.77 | J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 13902-13911 10.1021/ja306522b | |
trans-HMo(CO)2(PCy3)Cp![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 6.50 sN Param.: 0.80 | Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 249-263 10.1002/chem.201202839 | |
trans-HMo(CO)2(PMe3)Cp![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 7.80 sN Param.: 0.80 | Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 249-263 10.1002/chem.201202839 | |
trans-HMo(CO)2(PPh3)Cp![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 6.60 sN Param.: 0.80 | Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 249-263 10.1002/chem.201202839 | |
tri-n-butylphosphane![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 15.49 sN Param.: 0.69 | Chem. Eur. J. 2005, 11, 917-927 10.1002/chem.200400696 | |
tri-p-tolylmethane![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: -3.62 sN Param.: 0.80 | Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 249-263 10.1002/chem.201202839 | |
tri-p-tolylmethane (in MeCN)![]() ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: -8.80 sN Param.: 0.82 | Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 249-263 10.1002/chem.201202839 | |
tributyl phosphite![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 10.36 sN Param.: 0.70 | Chem. Eur. J. 2005, 11, 917-927 10.1002/chem.200400696 | |
tributylgermane![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 5.92 sN Param.: 0.73 | J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 9500-9512 10.1021/ja010890y | |
tributylsilane![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 3.99 sN Param.: 0.73 | Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 249-263 10.1002/chem.201202839 | |
tributylstannane![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 9.96 sN Param.: 0.55 | J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 9500-9512 10.1021/ja010890y | |
tricyclohexylphosphane![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 14.64 sN Param.: 0.68 | Chem. Eur. J. 2005, 11, 917-927 10.1002/chem.200400696 | |
triethoxysilane![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: -1.80 sN Param.: 0.75 | Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 249-263 10.1002/chem.201202839 | |
triethylamine (in CH2Cl2)![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 17.30 sN Param.: 0.52 | J. Phys. Org. Chem. 2010, 23, 1029-1035 10.1002/poc.1707 | |
triethylamine (in MeCN)![]() ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 17.10 sN Param.: 0.52 | J. Phys. Org. Chem. 2010, 23, 1029-1035 10.1002/poc.1707 | |
triethylgermane![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 4.00 sN Param.: 0.75 | Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 249-263 10.1002/chem.201202839 | |
triethylsilane![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 3.58 sN Param.: 0.70 | J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 13902-13911 10.1021/ja306522b | |
trifluoroacetamide anion (in DMSO)![]() ![]() |
DMSO | N Param.: 15.81 sN Param.: 0.64 | J. Org. Chem. 2010, 75, 5250-5258 10.1021/jo1009883 | |
trifluoroethanol![]() ![]() |
TFE | N Param.: 1.11 sN Param.: 0.96 | J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 13902-13911 10.1021/ja306522b | |
trihexylsilane![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 3.89 sN Param.: 0.73 | Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 249-263 10.1002/chem.201202839 | |
triisopropylphosphane![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 13.37 sN Param.: 0.70 | Chem. Eur. J. 2005, 11, 917-927 10.1002/chem.200400696 | |
triisopropylsilane![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 2.93 sN Param.: 0.73 | Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 249-263 10.1002/chem.201202839 | |
trimethyl phosphite (in 91M9AN)![]() ![]() |
MeOH-MeCN mix | N Param.: 9.04 sN Param.: 0.70 | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2006, 45, 3869-3874 10.1002/anie.200600542 | |
trimethyl(3-(trimethylgermyl)propyl)silane (in MeCN)![]() ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: -4.80 sN Param.: 1.10 | Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 249-263 10.1002/chem.201202839 | |
trimethyl(3-(trimethylplumbyl)propyl)germane (in MeCN)![]() ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: -1.00 sN Param.: 1.10 | Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 249-263 10.1002/chem.201202839 | |
trimethyl(3-(trimethylplumbyl)propyl)silane (in MeCN)![]() ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: -1.20 sN Param.: 1.10 | Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 249-263 10.1002/chem.201202839 | |
trimethyl(3-(trimethylstannyl)propyl)germane (in MeCN)![]() ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: -2.40 sN Param.: 1.10 | Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 249-263 10.1002/chem.201202839 | |
trimethyl(3-(trimethylstannyl)propyl)silane (in MeCN)![]() ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: -3.40 sN Param.: 1.10 | Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 249-263 10.1002/chem.201202839 | |
trimethyl(4-methylphenethyl)stannane![]() ![]() |
1,2-dichloroethane | N Param.: -0.50 sN Param.: 1.10 | Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 249-263 10.1002/chem.201202839 | |
trimethyl(phenethyl)silane![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: -3.50 sN Param.: 1.10 | Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 249-263 10.1002/chem.201202839 | |
trimethyl(phenethyl)stannane![]() ![]() |
1,2-dichloroethane | N Param.: -1.10 sN Param.: 1.10 | Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 249-263 10.1002/chem.201202839 | |
trimethyl(prenyl)silane![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 0.90 sN Param.: 1.17 | J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 9500-9512 10.1021/ja010890y | |
trimethylamine (in MeCN)![]() ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 23.05 sN Param.: 0.45 | J. Org. Chem. 2012, 77, 8142-8155 10.1021/jo301497g | |
trimethylhydrazine (in MeCN)![]() ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 12.43 sN Param.: 0.75 | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 1353-1356 10.1002/anie.201107315 | |
trimethylhydrazine (in MeCN)![]() ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 17.75 sN Param.: 0.53 | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 1353-1356 10.1002/anie.201107315 | |
trimethylsilane![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 3.15 sN Param.: 0.73 | Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 249-263 10.1002/chem.201202839 | |
triphenyl phosphite![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 5.51 sN Param.: 0.76 | Chem. Eur. J. 2005, 11, 917-927 10.1002/chem.200400696 | |
triphenylgermane![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 3.99 sN Param.: 0.62 | J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 9500-9512 10.1021/ja010890y | |
triphenylmethane![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: -4.27 sN Param.: 0.80 | Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 249-263 10.1002/chem.201202839 | |
triphenylphosphane![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 14.33 sN Param.: 0.65 | Chem. Eur. J. 2005, 11, 917-927 10.1002/chem.200400696 | |
triphenylphosphine (in THF)![]() ![]() |
THF | N Param.: 13.59 sN Param.: 0.66 | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2011, 50, 6915-6919 10.1002/anie.201102435 | |
triphenylsilane![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 2.65 sN Param.: 0.72 | Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 249-263 10.1002/chem.201202839 |


































































































