Nucleophiles
| Name | Solvent |
Reactivity Parameters |
Classification |
Reference (title or year) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
anion of Meldrums acid (in DMSO)![]() ![]() |
DMSO | N Param.: 13.91 sN Param.: 0.86 | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 91-95 10.1002/1521-3773(20[...] | |
Desoxy Breslow intermediate 2b![]() ![]() |
THF | N Param.: 13.91 sN Param.: 0.64 | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 6231-6235 10.1002/anie.201202327 | |
anion of 2-nitro-1-phenylethan-1-one (in DMSO)![]() ![]() |
DMSO | N Param.: 13.91 sN Param.: 0.76 | Chem. Eur. J. 2015, 21, 875-884 10.1002/chem.201404500 | |
(E)-1-styrylpyrrolidine (in MeCN)![]() ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 13.87 sN Param.: 0.76 | Chem. Eur. J. 2018, 24, 5901-5910 10.1002/chem.201705962 | |
DHPB (in CH2Cl2)![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 13.86 sN Param.: 0.78 | J. Org. Chem. 2011, 76, 5104-5112 10.1021/jo200803x | |
tetramisole (TM) (in CH2Cl2)![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 13.86 sN Param.: 0.68 | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2025, EarlyView, e202514865 10.1002/anie.202514865 | |
methylamine (in water)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 13.85 sN Param.: 0.53 | J. Org. Chem. 2007, 72, 3679-3688 10.1021/jo062586z | |
(E)-beta-(N-piperidino)styrene (in MeCN)![]() ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 13.84 sN Param.: 0.73 | Chem. Eur. J. 2018, 24, 5901-5910 10.1002/chem.201705962 | |
histidine (anionic, in water)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 13.83 sN Param.: 0.54 | Org. Biomol. Chem. 2007, 5, 3814-3820 10.1039/b713778h | |
anion of diethyl 2-(acetyl)malonate (in DMSO)![]() ![]() |
DMSO | N Param.: 13.83 sN Param.: 0.84 | Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2016, , 1841-1848 10.1002/ejoc.201600107 | |
aspartate (dianionic, in water)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 13.81 sN Param.: 0.53 | Org. Biomol. Chem. 2007, 5, 3814-3820 10.1039/b713778h | |
bromide (in 50% aq MeCN)![]() ![]() |
water-MeCN mix | N Param.: 13.80 sN Param.: 0.60 | J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 2641-2649 10.1021/ja045562n | |
5-(4-cyanobenzyl)-2,2-dimethyl-4,6-dioxo-1,3-dioxan-5-ide (in DMSO)![]() ![]() |
DMSO | N Param.: 13.79 sN Param.: 0.86 | Chem. Eur. J. 2014, 20, 11069-11077 10.1002/chem.201403161 | |
(4-Br-C6H4)-(CO)-CH=SMe2 (in DMSO)![]() ![]() |
DMSO | N Param.: 13.78 sN Param.: 0.72 | J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 17894-17900 10.1021/ja1084749 | |
isopropylamine (in MeCN)![]() ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 13.77 sN Param.: 0.70 | Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2009, , 6379-6385 10.1002/ejoc.200900925 | |
phenylsulfinate (in 50W50AN)![]() ![]() |
water-MeCN mix | N Param.: 13.75 sN Param.: 0.68 | J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 4796-4805 10.1021/ja9102056 | |
anion of acetylacetone (in water)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 13.73 sN Param.: 0.64 | J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 12980-12986 10.1021/ja036838e | |
diethanolamine (in 91M9AN)![]() ![]() |
MeOH-MeCN mix | N Param.: 13.71 sN Param.: 0.67 | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2006, 45, 3869-3874 10.1002/anie.200600542 | |
4-methylpyridine (in CH2Cl2)![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 13.70 sN Param.: 0.67 | Chem. Eur. J. 2007, 13, 336-345 10.1002/chem.200600941 | |
4-methoxypyridine (in CH2Cl2)![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 13.70 sN Param.: 0.67 | Chem. Eur. J. 2007, 13, 336-345 10.1002/chem.200600941 | |
valine (anionic, in water)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 13.65 sN Param.: 0.57 | Org. Biomol. Chem. 2007, 5, 3814-3820 10.1039/b713778h | |
anion of diethyl 2-(benzoyl)malonate (in DMSO)![]() ![]() |
DMSO | N Param.: 13.63 sN Param.: 0.80 | Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2016, , 1841-1848 10.1002/ejoc.201600107 | |
bromide (in 50% aq EtOH)![]() ![]() |
water-EtOH mix | N Param.: 13.60 sN Param.: 0.60 | J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 2641-2649 10.1021/ja045562n | |
cyanate (in MeCN)![]() ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 13.60 sN Param.: 0.84 | Chem. Eur. J. 2008, 14, 3866-3868 10.1002/chem.200800314 | |
pyridine (in MeCN)![]() ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 13.60 sN Param.: 0.60 | Synthesis 2017, 49, 3495-3504 10.1055/s-0036-1590504 | |
triphenylphosphine (in THF)![]() ![]() |
THF | N Param.: 13.59 sN Param.: 0.66 | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2011, 50, 6915-6919 10.1002/anie.201102435 | |
anion of (4-nitrophenyl)nitromethane (in water)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 13.58 sN Param.: 0.52 | J. Org. Chem. 2004, 69, 7565-7576 10.1021/jo048773j | |
anion of p-tolylnitromethane (in 91M9AN)![]() ![]() |
MeOH-MeCN mix | N Param.: 13.58 sN Param.: 0.64 | Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2006, , 2530-2537 10.1002/ejoc.200500769 | |
1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 13.58 sN Param.: 0.77 | ChemCatChem 2012, 4, 993-999 10.1002/cctc.201200143 | |
(S)-3-butyl-1-(pyrrolidin-2-ylmethyl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium trifluoromethanesulfonate![]() ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 13.57 sN Param.: 0.53 | J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2020, 142, 1526-1547 10.1021/jacs.9b11877 | |
gamma-aminobutyric acid (anionic, in water)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 13.55 sN Param.: 0.56 | Org. Biomol. Chem. 2007, 5, 3814-3820 10.1039/b713778h | |
glycine (anionic, in water)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 13.51 sN Param.: 0.58 | Org. Biomol. Chem. 2007, 5, 3814-3820 10.1039/b713778h | |
N-methyl-glycinenitrile (in water)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 13.50 sN Param.: 0.59 | J. Org. Chem. 2007, 72, 3679-3688 10.1021/jo062586z | |
hydrazine (in 91M9AN)![]() ![]() |
MeOH-MeCN mix | N Param.: 13.47 sN Param.: 0.70 | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2006, 45, 3869-3874 10.1002/anie.200600542 | |
benzylamine (in 91M9AN)![]() ![]() |
MeOH-MeCN mix | N Param.: 13.46 sN Param.: 0.62 | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2006, 45, 3869-3874 10.1002/anie.200600542 | |
hydrazine (in water)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 13.46 sN Param.: 0.57 | J. Org. Chem. 2012, 77, 8142-8155 10.1021/jo301497g | |
1,3-di-tert-butyl-1,3,2-diazaphosphinane (in MeCN)![]() ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 13.46 sN Param.: 0.52 | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2019, 58, 5983-5987 10.1002/anie.201901456 | |
7-F-BTM (in CH2Cl2)![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 13.46 sN Param.: 0.66 | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2025, EarlyView, e202514865 10.1002/anie.202514865 | |
glutamine (anionic, in water)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 13.45 sN Param.: 0.54 | Org. Biomol. Chem. 2007, 5, 3814-3820 10.1039/b713778h | |
HBTM (in CH2Cl2)![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 13.45 sN Param.: 0.72 | J. Org. Chem. 2011, 76, 5104-5112 10.1021/jo200803x | |
benzylamine (in water)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 13.44 sN Param.: 0.55 | J. Org. Chem. 2007, 72, 3679-3688 10.1021/jo062586z | |
4-methoxyaniline (in MeCN)![]() ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 13.42 sN Param.: 0.73 | J. Org. Chem. 2007, 72, 3679-3688 10.1021/jo062586z | |
2,3-dihydrobenzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 13.42 sN Param.: 0.73 | J. Org. Chem. 2011, 76, 5104-5112 10.1021/jo200803x | |
1-(N-morpholino)cyclopentene![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 13.41 sN Param.: 0.82 | Chem. Eur. J. 2003, 9, 2209-2218 10.1002/chem.200204666 | |
anion of nitroethane (in 91M9AN)![]() ![]() |
MeOH-MeCN mix | N Param.: 13.41 sN Param.: 0.67 | Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2006, , 2530-2537 10.1002/ejoc.200500769 | |
n-propylamine (in 91M9AN)![]() ![]() |
MeOH-MeCN mix | N Param.: 13.41 sN Param.: 0.66 | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2006, 45, 3869-3874 10.1002/anie.200600542 | |
2-phenylethylamine (in water)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 13.40 sN Param.: 0.57 | ChemPlusChem 2015, 80, 1673-1679 10.1002/cplu.201500246 | |
triisopropylphosphane![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 13.37 sN Param.: 0.70 | Chem. Eur. J. 2005, 11, 917-927 10.1002/chem.200400696 | |
1-(N-piperidino)cyclohexene![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 13.36 sN Param.: 0.81 | J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 9500-9512 10.1021/ja010890y | |
n-propylamine (in water)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 13.33 sN Param.: 0.56 | J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 286-295 10.1021/ja021010y | |
O-DHPB (in CH2Cl2)![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 13.31 sN Param.: 0.69 | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2025, EarlyView, e202514865 10.1002/anie.202514865 | |
chloride (in 80% aq MeCN)![]() ![]() |
water-MeCN mix | N Param.: 13.30 sN Param.: 0.60 | J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 2641-2649 10.1021/ja045562n | |
tetrahydrothiophene (in MeCN)![]() ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 13.30 sN Param.: 0.72 | Chem. Eur. J. 2021, 21, 11367-11376 10.1002/chem.202100977 | |
ethylenediamine (in water)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 13.28 sN Param.: 0.58 | J. Org. Chem. 2007, 72, 3679-3688 10.1021/jo062586z | |
beta-alanine (anionic, in water)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 13.26 sN Param.: 0.58 | Org. Biomol. Chem. 2007, 5, 3814-3820 10.1039/b713778h | |
di(methoxyethyl)amine (in MeCN)![]() ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 13.24 sN Param.: 0.93 | Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2009, , 6379-6385 10.1002/ejoc.200900925 | |
4-acetamido-pyridine (in MeCN)![]() ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 13.24 sN Param.: 0.67 | J. Phys. Chem. A 2012, 116, 8494-8499 10.1021/jp3049247 | |
anion of (4-cyanophenyl)nitromethane (in water)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 13.23 sN Param.: 0.52 | J. Org. Chem. 2004, 69, 7565-7576 10.1021/jo048773j | |
ethanolamine (in 91M9AN)![]() ![]() |
MeOH-MeCN mix | N Param.: 13.23 sN Param.: 0.65 | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2006, 45, 3869-3874 10.1002/anie.200600542 | |
allylamine (in water)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 13.21 sN Param.: 0.54 | J. Org. Chem. 2007, 72, 3679-3688 10.1021/jo062586z | |
4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (in 91M9AN)![]() ![]() |
MeOH-MeCN mix | N Param.: 13.20 sN Param.: 0.67 | Chem. Eur. J. 2007, 13, 336-345 10.1002/chem.200600941 | |
fluoride (in 80% aq EtOH)![]() ![]() |
water-EtOH mix | N Param.: 13.20 sN Param.: 0.53 | J. Org. Chem. 2012, 77, 3325-3335 10.1021/jo300141z | |
4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (in H2O)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 13.19 sN Param.: 0.56 | Chem. Eur. J. 2007, 13, 336-345 10.1002/chem.200600941 | |
p-toluidine (in MeCN)![]() ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 13.19 sN Param.: 0.69 | J. Org. Chem. 2007, 72, 3679-3688 10.1021/jo062586z | |
serine (anionic, in water)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 13.16 sN Param.: 0.55 | Org. Biomol. Chem. 2007, 5, 3814-3820 10.1039/b713778h | |
methionine (anionic, in water)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 13.16 sN Param.: 0.58 | Org. Biomol. Chem. 2007, 5, 3814-3820 10.1039/b713778h | |
7-MeO-BTM (in CH2Cl29![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 13.15 sN Param.: 0.75 | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2025, EarlyView, e202514865 10.1002/anie.202514865 | |
2-methyl-4,5-dihydro-3H-pyrrole (in CH2Cl2)![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 13.12 sN Param.: 0.69 | Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2013, , 3369-3377 10.1002/ejoc.201300213 | |
1-benzyl-2-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole (in CH2Cl2)![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 13.11 sN Param.: 0.83 | Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2013, , 3369-3377 10.1002/ejoc.201300213 | |
tetrahydrothiophene (in CH2Cl2)![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 13.10 sN Param.: 0.72 | Chem. Eur. J. 2021, 21, 11367-11376 10.1002/chem.202100977 | |
anion of p-tolylnitromethane (in water)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 13.09 sN Param.: 0.50 | J. Org. Chem. 2004, 69, 7565-7576 10.1021/jo048773j | |
Ph3P=C(CH3)-CO2Et![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 13.09 sN Param.: 0.73 | J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 704-714 10.1021/ja8056216 | |
BTM (in CH2Cl2)![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 13.06 sN Param.: 0.73 | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2025, EarlyView, e202514865 10.1002/anie.202514865 | |
asparagine (anionic, in water)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 13.03 sN Param.: 0.53 | Org. Biomol. Chem. 2007, 5, 3814-3820 10.1039/b713778h | |
alanine (anionic, in water)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 13.01 sN Param.: 0.58 | Org. Biomol. Chem. 2007, 5, 3814-3820 10.1039/b713778h | |
O-HyperBTM (in CH2Cl2)![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 13.01 sN Param.: 0.73 | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2025, EarlyView, e202514865 10.1002/anie.202514865 | |
chloride (in 80% aq EtOH)![]() ![]() |
water-EtOH mix | N Param.: 13.00 sN Param.: 0.60 | J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 2641-2649 10.1021/ja045562n | |
p-toluidine (in water)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 13.00 sN Param.: 0.79 | J. Org. Chem. 2007, 72, 3679-3688 10.1021/jo062586z | |
diethanolamine (in water)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 13.00 sN Param.: 0.61 | J. Org. Chem. 2007, 72, 3679-3688 10.1021/jo062586z | |
3,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazine![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 13.00 sN Param.: 0.83 | J. Org. Chem. 2011, 76, 5104-5112 10.1021/jo200803x | |
aniline (in water)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 12.99 sN Param.: 0.73 | J. Org. Chem. 2007, 72, 3679-3688 10.1021/jo062586z | |
2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 12.98 sN Param.: 0.81 | J. Org. Chem. 2011, 76, 5104-5112 10.1021/jo200803x | |
arginine (betaine, in water)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 12.96 sN Param.: 0.57 | Org. Biomol. Chem. 2007, 5, 3814-3820 10.1039/b713778h | |
3-bromo-4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (in MeCN)![]() ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 12.96 sN Param.: 0.67 | J. Phys. Chem. A 2012, 116, 8494-8499 10.1021/jp3049247 | |
(R)-2-(tert-butyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[4,5]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 12.95 sN Param.: 0.58 | J. Org. Chem. 2011, 76, 5104-5112 10.1021/jo200803x | |
4-chloroaniline (in MeCN)![]() ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 12.92 sN Param.: 0.60 | J. Org. Chem. 2007, 72, 3679-3688 10.1021/jo062586z | |
2-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole (in CH2Cl2)![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 12.92 sN Param.: 0.77 | Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2013, , 3369-3377 10.1002/ejoc.201300213 | |
glycylglycine (anionic, in water)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 12.91 sN Param.: 0.59 | Org. Biomol. Chem. 2007, 5, 3814-3820 10.1039/b713778h | |
1-(phenylmethylamino)cyclopentene![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 12.90 sN Param.: 0.79 | Chem. Eur. J. 2003, 9, 2209-2218 10.1002/chem.200204666 | |
chloride (in MeOH)![]() ![]() |
MeOH | N Param.: 12.90 sN Param.: 0.60 | J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 2641-2649 10.1021/ja045562n | |
pyridine (in CH2Cl2)![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 12.90 sN Param.: 0.67 | Chem. Eur. J. 2007, 13, 336-345 10.1002/chem.200600941 | |
ethylamine (in water)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 12.87 sN Param.: 0.58 | J. Org. Chem. 2007, 72, 3679-3688 10.1021/jo062586z | |
bromide (in 40% aq MeCN)![]() ![]() |
water-MeCN mix | N Param.: 12.80 sN Param.: 0.60 | J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 2641-2649 10.1021/ja045562n | |
hydroxylamine (in MeCN)![]() ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 12.80 sN Param.: 0.63 | J. Org. Chem. 2012, 77, 8142-8155 10.1021/jo301497g | |
Ph3P=CH-CO2Et![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 12.79 sN Param.: 0.77 | J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 704-714 10.1021/ja8056216 | |
Desoxy Breslow intermediate 2c'![]() ![]() |
THF | N Param.: 12.75 sN Param.: 0.71 | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 6231-6235 10.1002/anie.201202327 | |
bromite (in water)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 12.75 sN Param.: 0.59 | Org. Lett. 2018, 20, 2816-2820 10.1021/acs.orglett.[...] | |
acetate (in 90A10W)![]() ![]() |
aq acetone | N Param.: 12.71 sN Param.: 0.68 | J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 3012-3022 10.1021/ja0765464 | |
dimethylsulfide (in MeCN)![]() ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 12.70 sN Param.: 0.72 | Chem. Eur. J. 2021, 21, 11367-11376 10.1002/chem.202100977 | |
threonine (anionic, in water)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 12.69 sN Param.: 0.60 | Org. Biomol. Chem. 2007, 5, 3814-3820 10.1039/b713778h |





































































































