N-Nucleophiles
| Name | Solvent | Reactivity Parameters | Classification | Reference (title or year) | 
|---|---|---|---|---|
| cysteine (dianionic, in water, S-nucleophile!)   | water | N Param.: 23.43sN Param.: 0.42 |    | Org. Biomol. Chem. 2007, 5, 3814-3820 10.1039/b713778h | 
| trimethylamine (in MeCN)   | MeCN | N Param.: 23.05sN Param.: 0.45 |    | J. Org. Chem. 2012, 77, 8142-8155 10.1021/jo301497g | 
| (S)-4-benzyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one anion (in DMSO)   | DMSO | N Param.: 22.67sN Param.: 0.54 |    | J. Org. Chem. 2010, 75, 5250-5258 10.1021/jo1009883 | 
| 1,1-dimethylhydrazine (in MeCN)   | MeCN | N Param.: 22.41sN Param.: 0.45 |    | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 1353-1356 10.1002/anie.201107315 | 
| 1,3-oxazolidin-2-one anion (in DMSO)   | DMSO | N Param.: 22.40sN Param.: 0.59 |    | J. Org. Chem. 2010, 75, 5250-5258 10.1021/jo1009883 | 
| 4-methyl-imidazole anion (in DMSO)   | DMSO | N Param.: 21.29sN Param.: 0.51 |    | Chem. Eur. J. 2012, 18, 127-137 10.1002/chem.201102411 | 
| imidazole anion (in DMSO)   | DMSO | N Param.: 21.09sN Param.: 0.51 |    | Chem. Eur. J. 2012, 18, 127-137 10.1002/chem.201102411 | 
| 2-methyl-imidazole anion (in DMSO)   | DMSO | N Param.: 21.03sN Param.: 0.50 |    | Chem. Eur. J. 2012, 18, 127-137 10.1002/chem.201102411 | 
| 2,4-dimethyl-imidazole anion (in DMSO)   | DMSO | N Param.: 20.69sN Param.: 0.60 |    | Chem. Eur. J. 2012, 18, 127-137 10.1002/chem.201102411 | 
| N-methyl-pyrrolidine (in CH2Cl2)   | dichloromethane | N Param.: 20.60sN Param.: 0.52 |  | J. Phys. Org. Chem. 2010, 23, 1029-1035 10.1002/poc.1707 | 
| N-methyl-pyrrolidine (in MeCN)   | MeCN | N Param.: 20.59sN Param.: 0.52 |    | J. Phys. Org. Chem. 2010, 23, 1029-1035 10.1002/poc.1707 | 
| quinuclidine (in MeCN)   | MeCN | N Param.: 20.54sN Param.: 0.60 |    | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 6176-6179 10.1002/anie.200701489 | 
| azide ion (in DMSO)   | DMSO | N Param.: 20.50sN Param.: 0.59 |    | J. Phys. Org. Chem. 2006, 19, 706-713 10.1002/poc.1063 | 
| cyanamide anion (in DMSO)   | DMSO | N Param.: 20.33sN Param.: 0.64 |    | J. Org. Chem. 2010, 75, 5250-5258 10.1021/jo1009883 | 
| 4-pyridone anion (in MeCN)   | MeCN | N Param.: 20.22sN Param.: 0.49 |    | J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 15380-15389 10.1021/ja106962u | 
| 2-pyridone anion (in MeCN)   | MeCN | N Param.: 20.11sN Param.: 0.57 |    | J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 15380-15389 10.1021/ja106962u | 
| prolinate (in MeCN)   | MeCN | N Param.: 19.95sN Param.: 0.68 |    | J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2020, 142, 1526-1547 10.1021/jacs.9b11877 | 
| 2-pyridone anion (in DMSO)   | DMSO | N Param.: 19.91sN Param.: 0.60 |    | J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 15380-15389 10.1021/ja106962u | 
| ((4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl)(pyridin-4-yl)amide (Ph4P+) (in CH2Cl2)   | dichloromethane | N Param.: 19.63sN Param.: 0.65 |    | J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2025, 147, 5043-5050 10.1021/jacs.4c14825 | 
| pyridin-4-yl((4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)sulfonyl)amide (Ph4P+) (in MeCN)   | MeCN | N Param.: 19.51sN Param.: 0.47 |    | J. Org. Chem. 2025, 90, 2298-2306 10.1021/acs.joc.4c02668 | 
| 1,1-dimethyl-2-methylenehydrazine (in CH2Cl2)   | dichloromethane | N Param.: 19.31sN Param.: 0.46 |    | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 11900-11904 10.1002/anie.201305092 | 
| benzimidazole anion (in DMSO)   | DMSO | N Param.: 19.13sN Param.: 0.55 |    | Chem. Eur. J. 2012, 18, 127-137 10.1002/chem.201102411 | 
| 4-pyridone anion (in DMSO)   | DMSO | N Param.: 18.97sN Param.: 0.62 |    | J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 15380-15389 10.1021/ja106962u | 
| N-methyl-piperidine (in CH2Cl2)   | dichloromethane | N Param.: 18.90sN Param.: 0.52 |  | J. Phys. Org. Chem. 2010, 23, 1029-1035 10.1002/poc.1707 | 
| DABCO (in MeCN)   | MeCN | N Param.: 18.80sN Param.: 0.70 |    | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 6176-6179 10.1002/anie.200701489 | 
| N-methyl-piperidine (in MeCN)   | MeCN | N Param.: 18.72sN Param.: 0.52 |    | J. Phys. Org. Chem. 2010, 23, 1029-1035 10.1002/poc.1707 | 
| methanesulfonamide anion (in DMSO)   | DMSO | N Param.: 18.61sN Param.: 0.53 |    | J. Org. Chem. 2010, 75, 5250-5258 10.1021/jo1009883 | 
| pyrrolidine (inMeCN)   | MeCN | N Param.: 18.58sN Param.: 0.61 |    | J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2020, 142, 1526-1547 10.1021/jacs.9b11877 | 
| (S)-1-(pyrrolidin-2-ylmethyl)pyrrolidine   | MeCN | N Param.: 18.33sN Param.: 0.64 |    | J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2020, 142, 1526-1547 10.1021/jacs.9b11877 | 
| perhydroazepine (in water)   | water | N Param.: 18.29sN Param.: 0.46 |    | J. Org. Chem. 2007, 72, 3679-3688 10.1021/jo062586z | 
| piperidine (in water)   | water | N Param.: 18.13sN Param.: 0.44 |    | J. Org. Chem. 2007, 72, 3679-3688 10.1021/jo062586z | 
| proline (anionic, in water)   | water | N Param.: 18.08sN Param.: 0.50 |    | Org. Biomol. Chem. 2007, 5, 3814-3820 10.1039/b713778h | 
| adenine anion (in DMSO)   | DMSO | N Param.: 18.00sN Param.: 0.55 |    | Chem. Eur. J. 2012, 18, 127-137 10.1002/chem.201102411 | 
| dimethylamine (in MeCN)   | MeCN | N Param.: 17.96sN Param.: 0.63 |    | J. Org. Chem. 2012, 77, 8142-8155 10.1021/jo301497g | 
| N-methylenepyrrolidin-1-amine (in CH2Cl2)   | dichloromethane | N Param.: 17.90sN Param.: 0.48 |    | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 11900-11904 10.1002/anie.201305092 | 
| pyridin-4-yl((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)amide (Ph4P+) (in CH2Cl2)   | dichloromethane | N Param.: 17.88sN Param.: 0.73 |    | J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2025, 147, 5043-5050 10.1021/jacs.4c14825 | 
| trimethylhydrazine (in MeCN)   | MeCN | N Param.: 17.75sN Param.: 0.53 |    | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 1353-1356 10.1002/anie.201107315 | 
| methylhydrazine (in MeCN)   | MeCN | N Param.: 17.73sN Param.: 0.58 |    | J. Org. Chem. 2012, 77, 8142-8155 10.1021/jo301497g | 
| 2-Bn super-dmap (in MeCN)   | MeCN | N Param.: 17.69sN Param.: 0.57 |    | Org. Lett. 2011, 13, 530-533 10.1021/ol1029589 | 
| thymine anion (in DMSO)   | DMSO | N Param.: 17.63sN Param.: 0.62 |    | Chem. Eur. J. 2012, 18, 127-137 10.1002/chem.201102411 | 
| (S)-N,N-dimethylpyrrolidine-2-carboxamide   | MeCN | N Param.: 17.61sN Param.: 0.67 |    | J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2020, 142, 1526-1547 10.1021/jacs.9b11877 | 
| 4,4-dimethyl-glutarimide anion (in DMSO)   | DMSO | N Param.: 17.52sN Param.: 0.63 |    | J. Org. Chem. 2010, 75, 5250-5258 10.1021/jo1009883 | 
| hydantoin anion (in DMSO)   | DMSO | N Param.: 17.52sN Param.: 0.55 |    | J. Org. Chem. 2010, 75, 5250-5258 10.1021/jo1009883 | 
| (S)-1-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(pyrrolidin-2-ylmethyl)urea   | MeCN | N Param.: 17.50sN Param.: 0.64 |    | J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2020, 142, 1526-1547 10.1021/jacs.9b11877 | 
| 2-benzylpyrrolidine   | MeCN | N Param.: 17.43sN Param.: 0.66 |    | J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2020, 142, 1526-1547 10.1021/jacs.9b11877 | 
| (S)-N,N-dimethyl-1-(pyrrolidin-2-yl)methanamine   | MeCN | N Param.: 17.41sN Param.: 0.68 |    | J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2020, 142, 1526-1547 10.1021/jacs.9b11877 | 
| piperidine (in MeCN)   | MeCN | N Param.: 17.35sN Param.: 0.68 |    | Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2009, , 6379-6385 10.1002/ejoc.200900925 | 
| triethylamine (in CH2Cl2)   | dichloromethane | N Param.: 17.30sN Param.: 0.52 |  | J. Phys. Org. Chem. 2010, 23, 1029-1035 10.1002/poc.1707 | 
| ((4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl)(pyridin-4-yl)amide (Ph4P+) (in MeCN)   | MeCN | N Param.: 17.28sN Param.: 0.65 |    | J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2025, 147, 5043-5050 10.1021/jacs.4c14825 | 
| (S)-pyrrolidin-2-ylmethanamine   | MeCN | N Param.: 17.24sN Param.: 0.67 |    | J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2020, 142, 1526-1547 10.1021/jacs.9b11877 | 
| methylhydrazine (in water)   | water | N Param.: 17.23sN Param.: 0.45 |    | J. Org. Chem. 2012, 77, 8142-8155 10.1021/jo301497g | 
| piperazine (in water)   | water | N Param.: 17.22sN Param.: 0.50 |    | J. Org. Chem. 2007, 72, 3679-3688 10.1021/jo062586z | 
| pyrrolidine (in water)   | water | N Param.: 17.21sN Param.: 0.49 |    | J. Org. Chem. 2007, 72, 3679-3688 10.1021/jo062586z | 
| nitrite ion (in MeCN)   | MeCN | N Param.: 17.20sN Param.: 0.72 |    | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2005, 44, 4623-4626 10.1002/anie.200501274 | 
| piperidine (in DMSO)   | DMSO | N Param.: 17.19sN Param.: 0.71 |    | J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 286-295 10.1021/ja021010y | 
| pyridin-4-yl(tosyl)amide (Ph4P+) (in MeCN)   | MeCN | N Param.: 17.19sN Param.: 0.64 |    | J. Org. Chem. 2025, 90, 2298-2306 10.1021/acs.joc.4c02668 | 
| p-toluenesulfonamide anion (in DMSO)   | DMSO | N Param.: 17.14sN Param.: 0.60 |    | J. Org. Chem. 2010, 75, 5250-5258 10.1021/jo1009883 | 
| dimethylamine (in water)   | water | N Param.: 17.12sN Param.: 0.50 |    | J. Org. Chem. 2007, 72, 3679-3688 10.1021/jo062586z | 
| triethylamine (in MeCN)   | MeCN | N Param.: 17.10sN Param.: 0.52 |  | J. Phys. Org. Chem. 2010, 23, 1029-1035 10.1002/poc.1707 | 
| azide ion (in 91iPr9AN)   | iPrOH-MeCN mix | N Param.: 17.07sN Param.: 0.71 |    | J. Phys. Org. Chem. 2006, 19, 706-713 10.1002/poc.1063 | 
| uracil anion (in DMSO)   | DMSO | N Param.: 17.04sN Param.: 0.63 |    | Chem. Eur. J. 2012, 18, 127-137 10.1002/chem.201102411 | 
| morpholine (in DMSO)   | DMSO | N Param.: 16.96sN Param.: 0.67 |    | J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 286-295 10.1021/ja021010y | 
| 2-Et super-dmap (in MeCN)   | MeCN | N Param.: 16.81sN Param.: 0.60 |    | Org. Lett. 2011, 13, 530-533 10.1021/ol1029589 | 
| N-methyl-morpholine (in MeCN)   | MeCN | N Param.: 16.80sN Param.: 0.52 |  | J. Phys. Org. Chem. 2010, 23, 1029-1035 10.1002/poc.1707 | 
| 1-methyl-2-phenylpyrrolidine (in CH2Cl2)   | dichloromethane | N Param.: 16.80sN Param.: 0.49 |    | J. Phys. Org. Chem. 2016, 29, 759-767 10.1002/poc.3580 | 
| 2-methylpyrrolidine (in MeCN)   | MeCN | N Param.: 16.78sN Param.: 0.71 |    | J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2020, 142, 1526-1547 10.1021/jacs.9b11877 | 
| (S)-pyrrolidin-2-ylmethanol   | MeCN | N Param.: 16.74sN Param.: 0.67 |    | J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2020, 142, 1526-1547 10.1021/jacs.9b11877 | 
| azide ion (in 91nPr9AN)   | nPrOH-MeCN mix | N Param.: 16.70sN Param.: 0.73 |    | J. Phys. Org. Chem. 2006, 19, 706-713 10.1002/poc.1063 | 
| pyridin-4-yl((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)amide (Bu4N+) (in MeCN)   | MeCN | N Param.: 16.68sN Param.: 0.59 |    | J. Org. Chem. 2025, 90, 2298-2306 10.1021/acs.joc.4c02668 | 
| 2-Me super-dmap (in MeCN)   | MeCN | N Param.: 16.65sN Param.: 0.58 |    | Org. Lett. 2011, 13, 530-533 10.1021/ol1029589 | 
| ITeU3   | dichloromethane | N Param.: 16.63sN Param.: 0.65 |    | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2025, , in print 10.1002/anie.202514865 | 
| (S)-2-benzhydrylpyrrolidine   | MeCN | N Param.: 16.61sN Param.: 0.67 |    | J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2020, 142, 1526-1547 10.1021/jacs.9b11877 | 
| N-methyl-morpholine (in CH2Cl2)   | dichloromethane | N Param.: 16.50sN Param.: 0.52 |  | J. Phys. Org. Chem. 2010, 23, 1029-1035 10.1002/poc.1707 | 
| (R)-2-isopropyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[4,5]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine   | dichloromethane | N Param.: 16.50sN Param.: 0.48 |    | J. Org. Chem. 2011, 76, 5104-5112 10.1021/jo200803x | 
| (S)-2-(methoxymethyl)pyrrolidine   | MeCN | N Param.: 16.50sN Param.: 0.71 |    | J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2020, 142, 1526-1547 10.1021/jacs.9b11877 | 
| pyridin-4-yl((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)amide (Bu4P+) (in MeCN)   | MeCN | N Param.: 16.48sN Param.: 0.60 |    | J. Org. Chem. 2025, 90, 2298-2306 10.1021/acs.joc.4c02668 | 
| hydrazine (in MeCN)   | MeCN | N Param.: 16.45sN Param.: 0.56 |    | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 1353-1356 10.1002/anie.201107315 | 
| (R)-2-isopropylpyrrolidine   | MeCN | N Param.: 16.44sN Param.: 0.71 |    | J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2020, 142, 1526-1547 10.1021/jacs.9b11877 | 
| 4-formyl-imidazole anion (in DMSO)   | DMSO | N Param.: 16.40sN Param.: 0.67 |    | Chem. Eur. J. 2012, 18, 127-137 10.1002/chem.201102411 | 
| pyridin-4-yl((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)amide (Ph4P+) (in MeCN)   | MeCN | N Param.: 16.38sN Param.: 0.60 |    | J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2025, 147, 5043-5050 10.1021/jacs.4c14825 | 
| 1-methyl uracil anion (in DMSO)   | DMSO | N Param.: 16.36sN Param.: 0.69 |    | Chem. Eur. J. 2012, 18, 127-137 10.1002/chem.201102411 | 
| azide ion (in 91E9AN)   | EtOH-MeCN mix | N Param.: 16.30sN Param.: 0.73 |    | J. Phys. Org. Chem. 2006, 19, 706-713 10.1002/poc.1063 | 
| benzotriazole anion (in DMSO)   | DMSO | N Param.: 16.29sN Param.: 0.65 |    | Chem. Eur. J. 2012, 18, 127-137 10.1002/chem.201102411 | 
| DBN (in MeCN)   | MeCN | N Param.: 16.28sN Param.: 0.67 |    | Chem. Commun. 2008, , 1792-1794 10.1039/b801811a | 
| (S)-diphenyl(pyrrolidin-2-yl)methanol   | MeCN | N Param.: 16.18sN Param.: 0.56 |    | J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2020, 142, 1526-1547 10.1021/jacs.9b11877 | 
| 2,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-pyrimido[1,2-a]pyrimidine   | dichloromethane | N Param.: 16.16sN Param.: 0.75 |    | ChemCatChem 2012, 4, 993-999 10.1002/cctc.201200143 | 
| 1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine (TBN)   | dichloromethane | N Param.: 16.15sN Param.: 0.73 |    | ChemCatChem 2012, 4, 993-999 10.1002/cctc.201200143 | 
| 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (in MeCN)   | MeCN | N Param.: 16.15sN Param.: 0.68 |    | J. Org. Chem. 2012, 77, 8142-8155 10.1021/jo301497g | 
| DBU (in THF)   | THF | N Param.: 16.12sN Param.: 0.67 |    | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2011, 50, 6915-6919 10.1002/anie.201102435 | 
| ISeU5 (in DCM)   | dichloromethane | N Param.: 16.11sN Param.: 0.58 |    | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2025, , in print 10.1002/anie.202514865 | 
| ethanolamine (in DMSO)   | DMSO | N Param.: 16.07sN Param.: 0.61 |    | J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 11392-11401 10.1021/ja903207b | 
| 2-formyl-imidazole anion (in DMSO)   | DMSO | N Param.: 16.06sN Param.: 0.68 |    | Chem. Eur. J. 2012, 18, 127-137 10.1002/chem.201102411 | 
| diacetamide anion (in DMSO)   | DMSO | N Param.: 16.05sN Param.: 0.70 |    | J. Org. Chem. 2010, 75, 5250-5258 10.1021/jo1009883 | 
| succinimide anion (in DMSO)   | DMSO | N Param.: 16.03sN Param.: 0.66 |    | J. Org. Chem. 2010, 75, 5250-5258 10.1021/jo1009883 | 
| ethyl N-acetylcarbamate anion (in DMSO)   | DMSO | N Param.: 15.99sN Param.: 0.70 |    | J. Org. Chem. 2010, 75, 5250-5258 10.1021/jo1009883 | 
| pyrrolidine (in 91M9AN)   | MeOH-MeCN mix | N Param.: 15.97sN Param.: 0.63 |    | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2006, 45, 3869-3874 10.1002/anie.200600542 | 
| 4-pyrrolidinopyridine (in CH2Cl2)   | dichloromethane | N Param.: 15.90sN Param.: 0.67 |  | Chem. Eur. J. 2007, 13, 336-345 10.1002/chem.200600941 | 
| 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (in THF)   | THF | N Param.: 15.90sN Param.: 0.66 |    | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2011, 50, 6915-6919 10.1002/anie.201102435 | 
| (S)-2-(pyrrolidin-2-ylmethyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione   | MeCN | N Param.: 15.90sN Param.: 0.77 |    | J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2020, 142, 1526-1547 10.1021/jacs.9b11877 | 
| ISeU5 (in MeCN)   | MeCN | N Param.: 15.84sN Param.: 0.57 |    | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2025, , in print 10.1002/anie.202514865 | 
