Nucleophiles
| Name | Solvent |
Reactivity Parameters |
Classification |
Reference (title or year) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
enolate of 2-coumaranone (in DMSO)![]() ![]() |
DMSO | N Param.: 19.60 sN Param.: 0.75 | J. Org. Chem. 2024, 89, 6915-6928 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00277 | |
enolate of 3-isochromanone (in DMSO)![]() ![]() |
DMSO | N Param.: 25.39 sN Param.: 0.54 | J. Org. Chem. 2024, 89, 6915-6928 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00277 | |
ethanol![]() ![]() |
EtOH | N Param.: 7.44 sN Param.: 0.90 | J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 5174-5181 10.1021/ja031828z | |
ethanol (in MeCN)![]() ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 7.13 sN Param.: 0.71 | Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 2018, 91, 523-530 10.1246/bcsj.20170360 | |
ethanolamine (in 91M9AN)![]() ![]() |
MeOH-MeCN mix | N Param.: 13.23 sN Param.: 0.65 | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2006, 45, 3869-3874 10.1002/anie.200600542 | |
ethanolamine (in DMSO)![]() ![]() |
DMSO | N Param.: 16.07 sN Param.: 0.61 | J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 11392-11401 10.1021/ja903207b | |
ethanolamine (in MeCN)![]() ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 14.11 sN Param.: 0.71 | Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2009, , 6379-6385 10.1002/ejoc.200900925 | |
ethanolamine (in water)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 12.61 sN Param.: 0.58 | J. Org. Chem. 2007, 72, 3679-3688 10.1021/jo062586z | |
ethanolate (in 91E9AN)![]() ![]() |
EtOH-MeCN mix | N Param.: 16.08 sN Param.: 0.62 | Can. J. Chem. 2005, 83, 1554-1560 10.1139%2Fv05-170 | |
ethanolate (in ethanol)![]() ![]() |
EtOH | N Param.: 15.78 sN Param.: 0.65 | Can. J. Chem. 2005, 83, 1554-1560 10.1139%2Fv05-170 | |
ethyl (E)-3-(dimethylamino)acrylate![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 9.43 sN Param.: 0.80 | Chem. Eur. J. 2003, 9, 2209-2218 10.1002/chem.200204666 | |
ethyl (E)-3-(N-morpholino)acrylate![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 8.52 sN Param.: 0.80 | Chem. Eur. J. 2003, 9, 2209-2218 10.1002/chem.200204666 | |
ethyl diazoacetate![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 4.91 sN Param.: 0.95 | Chem. Eur. J. 2003, 9, 4068-4076 10.1002/chem.200304913 | |
ethyl glycinate (in DMSO)![]() ![]() |
DMSO | N Param.: 14.30 sN Param.: 0.67 | J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 286-295 10.1021/ja021010y | |
ethyl N-acetylcarbamate anion (in DMSO)![]() ![]() |
DMSO | N Param.: 15.99 sN Param.: 0.70 | J. Org. Chem. 2010, 75, 5250-5258 10.1021/jo1009883 | |
ethyl-vinylether![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 3.92 sN Param.: 0.90 | Acc. Chem. Res. 2003, 36, 66-77 10.1021/ar020094c | |
ethylamine (in water)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 12.87 sN Param.: 0.58 | J. Org. Chem. 2007, 72, 3679-3688 10.1021/jo062586z | |
ethyldimethylsilane![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 3.30 sN Param.: 0.73 | Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 249-263 10.1002/chem.201202839 | |
ethylenediamine (in water)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 13.28 sN Param.: 0.58 | J. Org. Chem. 2007, 72, 3679-3688 10.1021/jo062586z | |
fluoride (in 10 % aq MeCN)![]() ![]() |
water-MeCN mix | N Param.: 8.05 sN Param.: 0.64 | J. Org. Chem. 2012, 77, 3325-3335 10.1021/jo300141z | |
fluoride (in 60% aq MeCN)![]() ![]() |
water-MeCN mix | N Param.: 9.75 sN Param.: 0.63 | J. Org. Chem. 2012, 77, 3325-3335 10.1021/jo300141z | |
fluoride (in 80% aq EtOH)![]() ![]() |
water-EtOH mix | N Param.: 13.20 sN Param.: 0.53 | J. Org. Chem. 2012, 77, 3325-3335 10.1021/jo300141z | |
fluoride (in 80% aq MeCN)![]() ![]() |
water-MeCN mix | N Param.: 11.40 sN Param.: 0.59 | J. Org. Chem. 2012, 77, 3325-3335 10.1021/jo300141z | |
fluoride (in 90% aq MeCN)![]() ![]() |
water-MeCN mix | N Param.: 12.27 sN Param.: 0.59 | J. Org. Chem. 2012, 77, 3325-3335 10.1021/jo300141z | |
fluoride (in 98% aq MeCN)![]() ![]() |
water-MeCN mix | N Param.: 10.88 sN Param.: 0.83 | J. Org. Chem. 2012, 77, 3325-3335 10.1021/jo300141z | |
fluoride (in MeOH)![]() ![]() |
MeOH | N Param.: 11.31 sN Param.: 0.63 | J. Org. Chem. 2012, 77, 3325-3335 10.1021/jo300141z | |
fluoride (in water)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 7.70 sN Param.: 0.66 | J. Org. Chem. 2012, 77, 3325-3335 10.1021/jo300141z | |
fluorobis(phenylsulfonyl)methanide (in DMSO)![]() ![]() |
DMSO | N Param.: 17.46 sN Param.: 0.73 | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2016, 55, 12845-12848 10.1002/anie.201605616 | |
formohydrazide (in MeCN)![]() ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 10.35 sN Param.: 0.76 | J. Org. Chem. 2012, 77, 8142-8155 10.1021/jo301497g | |
furan![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 1.33 sN Param.: 1.29 | J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 13902-13911 10.1021/ja306522b | |
gamma-aminobutyric acid (anionic, in water)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 13.55 sN Param.: 0.56 | Org. Biomol. Chem. 2007, 5, 3814-3820 10.1039/b713778h | |
glutamate (dianionic, in water)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 13.96 sN Param.: 0.54 | Org. Biomol. Chem. 2007, 5, 3814-3820 10.1039/b713778h | |
glutamine (anionic, in water)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 13.45 sN Param.: 0.54 | Org. Biomol. Chem. 2007, 5, 3814-3820 10.1039/b713778h | |
glutathione GSH(NH3+/S-)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 20.97 sN Param.: 0.56 | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2019, 58, 17704-17708 10.1002/anie.201909803 | |
glycine (anionic, in water)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 13.51 sN Param.: 0.58 | Org. Biomol. Chem. 2007, 5, 3814-3820 10.1039/b713778h | |
glycineamide (in water)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 12.29 sN Param.: 0.58 | J. Org. Chem. 2007, 72, 3679-3688 10.1021/jo062586z | |
glycinenitrile (in water)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 10.80 sN Param.: 0.61 | J. Org. Chem. 2007, 72, 3679-3688 10.1021/jo062586z | |
glycylglycine (anionic, in water)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 12.91 sN Param.: 0.59 | Org. Biomol. Chem. 2007, 5, 3814-3820 10.1039/b713778h | |
glycylglycylglycine (anionic, in water)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 12.26 sN Param.: 0.63 | Org. Biomol. Chem. 2007, 5, 3814-3820 10.1039/b713778h | |
guanine anion (in water)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 11.63 sN Param.: 0.59 | Chem. Eur. J. 2012, 18, 127-137 10.1002/chem.201102411 | |
guanosine anion (in water)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 12.09 sN Param.: 0.52 | Chem. Eur. J. 2012, 18, 127-137 10.1002/chem.201102411 | |
H2O (in water)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 5.20 sN Param.: 0.89 | J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 5174-5181 10.1021/ja031828z | |
Hantzsch ester![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 9.00 sN Param.: 0.90 | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 1958-1961 10.1002/anie.200804263 | |
HBTM (in CH2Cl2)![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 13.45 sN Param.: 0.72 | J. Org. Chem. 2011, 76, 5104-5112 10.1021/jo200803x | |
HCr(CO)3Cp*![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 1.60 sN Param.: 0.80 | Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 249-263 10.1002/chem.201202839 | |
hexylsilane![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 0.19 sN Param.: 0.73 | Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 249-263 10.1002/chem.201202839 | |
HFe(CO)2Cp*![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 8.20 sN Param.: 0.69 | Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 249-263 10.1002/chem.201202839 | |
histidine (anionic, in water)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 13.83 sN Param.: 0.54 | Org. Biomol. Chem. 2007, 5, 3814-3820 10.1039/b713778h | |
HMn(CO)5![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 1.50 sN Param.: 0.80 | Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 249-263 10.1002/chem.201202839 | |
HMo(CO)3Cp*![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 4.30 sN Param.: 0.77 | Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 249-263 10.1002/chem.201202839 | |
HMo(Cp)(CO)3![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 4.88 sN Param.: 0.80 | Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 249-263 10.1002/chem.201202839 | |
HOO- (in water)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 15.40 sN Param.: 0.55 | J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 286-295 10.1021/ja021010y | |
HOs(CO)2Cp*![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 5.20 sN Param.: 0.95 | Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 249-263 10.1002/chem.201202839 | |
HRe(CO)5![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 3.50 sN Param.: 0.80 | Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 249-263 10.1002/chem.201202839 | |
HRu(CO)2Cp*![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 8.00 sN Param.: 0.80 | Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 249-263 10.1002/chem.201202839 | |
HW(CO)3(C5H4CO2Me)![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: -0.90 sN Param.: 0.80 | Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 249-263 10.1002/chem.201202839 | |
HW(CO)3(C5H4Me)![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 2.40 sN Param.: 0.80 | Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 249-263 10.1002/chem.201202839 | |
HW(CO)3(indenyl)![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 3.50 sN Param.: 0.80 | Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 249-263 10.1002/chem.201202839 | |
HW(CO)3Cp![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 1.70 sN Param.: 0.80 | Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 249-263 10.1002/chem.201202839 | |
HW(CO)3Cp*![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 3.50 sN Param.: 0.80 | Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 249-263 10.1002/chem.201202839 | |
HW(NO)2Cp![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 4.70 sN Param.: 0.80 | Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 249-263 10.1002/chem.201202839 | |
hydantoin anion (in DMSO)![]() ![]() |
DMSO | N Param.: 17.52 sN Param.: 0.55 | J. Org. Chem. 2010, 75, 5250-5258 10.1021/jo1009883 | |
hydrazine (in 91M9AN)![]() ![]() |
MeOH-MeCN mix | N Param.: 13.47 sN Param.: 0.70 | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2006, 45, 3869-3874 10.1002/anie.200600542 | |
hydrazine (in MeCN)![]() ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 16.45 sN Param.: 0.56 | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 1353-1356 10.1002/anie.201107315 | |
hydrazine (in water)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 13.46 sN Param.: 0.57 | J. Org. Chem. 2012, 77, 8142-8155 10.1021/jo301497g | |
hydroxylamine (in 91M9AN)![]() ![]() |
MeOH-MeCN mix | N Param.: 12.23 sN Param.: 0.66 | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2006, 45, 3869-3874 10.1002/anie.200600542 | |
hydroxylamine (in MeCN)![]() ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 12.80 sN Param.: 0.63 | J. Org. Chem. 2012, 77, 8142-8155 10.1021/jo301497g | |
hydroxylamine (in water)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 11.41 sN Param.: 0.55 | J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 286-295 10.1021/ja021010y | |
HyperBTM (in CH2Cl2)![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 14.96 sN Param.: 0.64 | J. Org. Chem. 2011, 76, 5104-5112 10.1021/jo200803x | |
hypobromite (in water)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 16.69 sN Param.: 0.46 | Org. Lett. 2018, 20, 2816-2820 10.1021/acs.orglett.[...] | |
hypochlorite (in water)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 14.50 sN Param.: 0.58 | Org. Lett. 2018, 20, 2816-2820 10.1021/acs.orglett.[...] | |
imidazole (in 91M9AN)![]() ![]() |
MeOH-MeCN mix | N Param.: 10.41 sN Param.: 0.70 | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2006, 45, 3869-3874 10.1002/anie.200600542 | |
imidazole (in DMSO)![]() ![]() |
DMSO | N Param.: 11.58 sN Param.: 0.79 | Org. Biomol. Chem. 2010, 8, 1929-1935 10.1039/c000965b | |
imidazole (in MeCN)![]() ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 11.47 sN Param.: 0.79 | Org. Biomol. Chem. 2010, 8, 1929-1935 10.1039/c000965b | |
imidazole (in water)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 9.63 sN Param.: 0.57 | Org. Biomol. Chem. 2010, 8, 1929-1935 10.1039/c000965b | |
imidazole anion (in DMSO)![]() ![]() |
DMSO | N Param.: 21.09 sN Param.: 0.51 | Chem. Eur. J. 2012, 18, 127-137 10.1002/chem.201102411 | |
Indole![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 5.55 sN Param.: 1.09 | J. Org. Chem. 2006, 71, 9088-9095 10.1021/jo0614339 | |
isobutylenyl-ethylether![]() ![]() |
dichloromethane | N Param.: 4.23 sN Param.: 1.00 | Acc. Chem. Res. 2003, 36, 66-77 10.1021/ar020094c | |
isopropanol (in aq. sulfuric acid)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: -2.60 sN Param.: 0.80 | Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 249-263 10.1002/chem.201202839 | |
isopropanol (in MeCN)![]() ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 6.82 sN Param.: 0.70 | Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 2018, 91, 523-530 10.1246/bcsj.20170360 | |
isopropanolate (in 91iPr9AN)![]() ![]() |
iPrOH-MeCN mix | N Param.: 17.71 sN Param.: 0.58 | Can. J. Chem. 2005, 83, 1554-1560 10.1139%2Fv05-170 | |
isopropanolate (in propan-2-ol)![]() ![]() |
iPrOH | N Param.: 17.03 sN Param.: 0.63 | Can. J. Chem. 2005, 83, 1554-1560 10.1139%2Fv05-170 | |
isopropylamine (in MeCN)![]() ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 13.77 sN Param.: 0.70 | Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2009, , 6379-6385 10.1002/ejoc.200900925 | |
isopropylamine (in water)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 12.00 sN Param.: 0.56 | J. Org. Chem. 2007, 72, 3679-3688 10.1021/jo062586z | |
KBH4 (in DMSO)![]() ![]() |
DMSO | N Param.: 15.14 sN Param.: 0.77 | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 1958-1961 10.1002/anie.200804263 | |
leucine (anionic, in water)![]() ![]() |
water | N Param.: 14.01 sN Param.: 0.52 | Org. Biomol. Chem. 2007, 5, 3814-3820 10.1039/b713778h | |
lithium (5-methylfuran-2-yl)(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pinacolborate![]() ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 8.13 sN Param.: 0.85 | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2015, 54, 2780-2783 10.1002/anie.201410562 | |
lithium (5-methylthiophen-2-yl)(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)glycolborate![]() ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 11.23 sN Param.: 0.77 | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2015, 54, 2780-2783 10.1002/anie.201410562 | |
lithium (5-methylthiophen-2-yl)(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)neopentylglycolborate![]() ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 10.13 sN Param.: 0.91 | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2015, 54, 2780-2783 10.1002/anie.201410562 | |
lithium (5-methylthiophen-2-yl)(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pinacolborate![]() ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 5.53 sN Param.: 1.00 | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2015, 54, 2780-2783 10.1002/anie.201410562 | |
lithium (5-methylthiophen-2-yl)(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)pinacolborate![]() ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 8.02 sN Param.: 0.89 | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2015, 54, 2780-2783 10.1002/anie.201410562 | |
lithium (5-methylthiophen-2-yl)(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)catecholglycolborate![]() ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 6.50 sN Param.: 0.77 | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2015, 54, 2780-2783 10.1002/anie.201410562 | |
lithium (5-methylthiophen-2-yl)(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)neopentylglycolborate![]() ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 11.85 sN Param.: 0.72 | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2015, 54, 2780-2783 10.1002/anie.201410562 | |
lithium (5-methylthiophen-2-yl)(4-chlorophenyl)pinacolborate![]() ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 6.77 sN Param.: 0.88 | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2015, 54, 2780-2783 10.1002/anie.201410562 | |
lithium (5-methylthiophen-2-yl)(4-methoxyphenyl)pinacolborate![]() ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 7.51 sN Param.: 0.87 | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2015, 54, 2780-2783 10.1002/anie.201410562 | |
lithium (5-methylthiophen-2-yl)(4-methylphenyl)pinacolborate![]() ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 6.98 sN Param.: 0.93 | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2015, 54, 2780-2783 10.1002/anie.201410562 | |
lithium (5-methylthiophen-2-yl)(phenyl)pinacolborate![]() ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 7.24 sN Param.: 0.83 | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2015, 54, 2780-2783 10.1002/anie.201410562 | |
lithium (E)-2-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2-(but-2-en-1-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-uide (in MeCN)![]() ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 9.49 sN Param.: 0.82 | J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2017, 139, 15324-15327 10.1021/jacs.7b10240 | |
lithium 2-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(1-phenylethyl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-uide (in MeCN)![]() ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 7.46 sN Param.: 0.76 | Org. Lett. 2015, 17, 2614-2617 10.1021/acs.orglett.[...] | |
lithium 2-allyl-2-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-uide (in MeCN)![]() ![]() |
MeCN | N Param.: 8.71 sN Param.: 0.80 | J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2017, 139, 15324-15327 10.1021/jacs.7b10240 |























































































